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BASAL VEIN OF ROSENTHAL - keywords
basal vein of Rosenthal Friedrich Christian Rosenthal (1780 – 1829) was a German anatomist who was a native of Greifswald. He earned his doctorate from the University of Jena, and later opened a medical practice in Greifswald (1804). In Greifswald he worked closely with naturalist Karl Asmund Rudolphi (1771–1832), earning his habilitation in 1807 from the local university with a treatise on olfaction. In 1810 he accepted an appointment to the University of Berlin, and in 1820 returned to Greifswald as a professor of physiology and anatomy. He died in 1829 at the age of 49 due to consequences from tuberculosis. Rosenthal is remembered today for two anatomical terms that contain his name: • Rosenthal's canal, or the spiral canal of the cochlea (canalis spiralis cochleae): A section of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear that is approximately 30 mm long, making 23⁄4 turns about the modiolus. • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Christian_Rosenthal Rosenthal's vein, or the cerebral basal vein (vena basalis): a vein that arises at the anterior perforated substance, passes backward and around the cerebral peduncle, joins the internal cerebral veins, forming the vein of Galen before draining into the straight sinus. PCA and basal vein ICV basal vein territory BVR basal vein of Rosenthal: major branches I I I I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 II II II II III BVR (segments I, II, III) anterior cerebral vein insular veins (DMCV) superficial middle cerebral vein inferior striatal vein anterior pontomesencephalic vein 7 lateral mesencephalic vein (descending to petrosal vein) 8 inferior ventricle vein 9 anterior hippocampal vein 10 inferior choroidal vein 11 lateral atrial vein 12 internal cerebral vein anterolateral view 12 11 III 7 II 5 I 2 9 10 8 6 3 4 tributaries and connections of the basal vein superior view 3 2 4 7 7 23 6 8 5 1I 13 1 BVR (segments I, II, III) 2 anterior cerebral vein 3 olfactory vein 4 fronto-orbital vein 5 uncal vein 6 insular veins (DMCV) 7 superficial middle cerebral vein 8 inferior striatal vein 9 anterior pontomesencephalic vein 10 peduncular vein 11 inferior/posterior thalamic vein 12 lateral mesencephalic vein (descending to petrosal vein) 13 inferior ventricle vein 14 anterior hippocampal vein 15 inferior choroidal vein 16 lateral atrial vein 17 precentral cerebellar vein (below 20) 18 superior vermian vein 19 internal cerebral vein 20 great cerebral vein 21 sinus rectus 22 internal occipital vein 23 cavernous sinus 24 superior petrosal sinus 24 10 9 11 1 II 15 12 14 1 III 16 19 11 18 17 20 I anterior cerebral, insular, striatal, uncal, superficial middle cerebral, anterior pontomesencephalic veins II hippocampal, inferior ventricle, thalamic, lateral mesencephalic veins 21 22 III thalamic, lateral atrial, superior vermian veins tributaries and connections of the basal vein anterior view 22 21 19 20 16 1 III 18 1 BVR (segments I, II, III) 2 anterior cerebral vein 3 olfactory vein 4 fronto-orbital vein 5 uncal vein 6 insular veins (DMCV) 7 superficial middle cerebral vein 8 inferior striatal vein 9 anterior pontomesencephalic vein 10 peduncular vein 11 inferior/posterior thalamic vein 12 lateral mesencephalic vein (descending to petrosal vein) 13 inferior ventricle vein 14 anterior hippocampal vein 15 inferior choroidal vein 16 lateral atrial vein 17 precentral cerebellar vein (below 20) 18 superior vermian vein 19 internal cerebral vein 20 great cerebral vein 21 sinus rectus 22 internal occipital vein 23 cavernous sinus 24 superior petrosal sinus 8 20 11 14 17 11 1 II 12 1I 2 15 13 6 10 5 9 7 4 24 23 3 7 tributaries and connections of the basal vein lateral view 7 7 19 2 1 BVR (segments I, II, III) 2 anterior cerebral vein 3 olfactory vein 4 4 fronto-orbital vein 5 uncal vein 6 insular veins (DMCV) 7 superficial middle cerebral vein 8 inferior striatal vein 9 anterior pontomesencephalic vein 10 peduncular vein 11 inferior/posterior thalamic vein 12 lateral mesencephalic vein (descending to petrosal vein) 13 inferior ventricle vein 14 anterior hippocampal vein 15 inferior choroidal vein 16 lateral atrial vein 17 precentral cerebellar vein (below 20) 18 superior vermian vein 19 internal cerebral vein 20 great cerebral vein 21 sinus rectus 22 internal occipital vein 23 cavernous sinus 24 superior petrosal sinus 8 11 11 3 1I 6 13 7 5 20 5 15 22 1 III 14 10 21 16 1 II 9 23 17 18 24 12 tributaries and connections of the basal vein lateral view 7 7 19 2 1 BVR (segments I, II, III) 2 anterior cerebral vein 3 olfactory vein 4 4 fronto-orbital vein 5 uncal vein 6 insular veins (DMCV) 7 superficial middle cerebral vein 8 inferior striatal vein 9 anterior pontomesencephalic vein 10 peduncular vein 11 inferior/posterior thalamic vein 12 lateral mesencephalic vein (descending to petrosal vein) 13 inferior ventricle vein 14 anterior hippocampal vein 15 inferior choroidal vein 16 lateral atrial vein 17 precentral cerebellar vein (below 20) 18 superior vermian vein 19 internal cerebral vein 20 great cerebral vein 21 sinus rectus 22 internal occipital vein 23 cavernous sinus 24 superior petrosal sinus 8 11 11 3 1I 6 13 7 5 A 20 5 15 1 III 14 10 22 21 D 16 1 II B 23 9 17 18 24 C 12 five possible drainage pathways A: to cavernous sinus or sphenoparietal sinus B: to superior petrosal sinus via the peduncular vein C: to superior petrosal sinus via lateral mesencephalic vein D: to great vein of Galen E: to transverse sinus or straight sinus via the tentorium E formation of the basal vein of Rosenthal 8 4 5 8 4 8 9 5 3 2 9 7 7 7 3 6 1 12 2 9 2 6 6 24 mm 40 mm term newborn 1 basal vein of Rosenthal 2 tentorial sinus ->3 ventral diencephalic vein 4 dorsal diencephalic vein 5 mesencephalic vein ->6 deep telencephalic vein ->7 superficial telencephalic vein 8 internal cerebral vein 9 transverse sinus ->10 lateral mesencephalic vein 11 anterior pontomesencephalic vein 12 uncal vein 5 7 8 9 8 7 10 6 12 3 2 60-80 mm 12-14w PMA 6 adult Padget DH (1956) The cranial venous system in man in reference to development, adult configuration, and relation to the arteries. Am J Anat 98: 307-55. 1 11 10 9 formation of the basal vein of Rosenthal superior choroidal vein thalamostriate vein internal cerebral vein straight sinus inferior choroidal vein septal vein ventral diencephalic vein basal vein primitive tentorial sinus basal vein in formation tentorial sinus tentorial sinus 80 mm stage superior choroidal vein thalamostriate vein transverse sinus posterior pericallosal vein internal cerebral vein septal vein basal vein GA 14w transverse sinus GA 24w transverse sinus term straight sinus inferior choroidal vein basal vein in formation term neonate a fetal tentorial sinus ? healthy near term preterm infant keyhole drainage tentorial vein with very high velocities different drainage pathways of the superficial sylvian (middle cerebral) veins: sinus cavernosus capture 12 w embryo third trimester sphenoparietal 54 % mature emissary 12 % superior petrosal 2 % cavernous 7% basal 2 % SMCV squamosal 2 % tentorial sinus SMCV: superficial middle cerebral vein Suzuki and Matsumoto 2000 variations of the SPS (sphenoparietal sinus) SPS PP CS San Millan Ruiz et al. 2004 - SPS runs along the lesser sphenoid wing and connects to the anterior aspect of the cavernous sinus (CS) 72 % - SPS runs along the lesser sphenoid wing and connects with the foramen ovale plexus or the pterygoid plexus (PP) 4 % - the hypoplastic SPS connects with the cavernous sinus 14 % Tanoue et al. 2006 superior view of right middle cranial fossa cavernous drainage of the superficial middle cerebral vein (arrows) in the laterosellar region into the cavernous sinus and not related to the lesser sphenoid wing ICA internal carotid artery double arrow, tentorial edge arrowheads, middle meningeal veins uncal vein, between BVR and sinus cavernosus 34 % 48 % 13 % 3% 1 2 3 4 5 adults, direct cerebral angiography 1 2 3 4 5 6 uncal vein superficial middle cerebral vein sinus cavernosus sinus laterocavernosus sinus paracavernosus deep middle cerebral vein 2 5 4 3 6 1 7 inferior striate veins to co-form the basilar vein at the anterior perforated substance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 uncal vein superficial sylvian vein to cavernous sinus inferior striate veins olfactory vein anterior cerebral vein deep telencephalic/insular vein basal vein variations of BVR development variations in course variations in drainage tortuous BVR distal or proximal drainage of BVR into straight sinus typical pattern BVR into petrosal sinus via lateral mesencephalic vein zigzag BVR BVR draining in transverse sinus coursing along tentorium anterior drainage into the ICV straight BVR BVR via longitudinal hippocampal vein into internal cerebral vein BVR via posterior communicating vein to other side low BVR II below the uncus BVR draining forward into sphenoparietal sinus Huang YP, Wolff BS (1974). In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the Skull and Brain, vol 2, book 3. St Louis: Mosby. Chapter 74: the basal cerebral vein and its tributaries. pp 2111-2154. BVR segmentation variations in formation failure of connection BVR I to BVR II; anterior drainage via uncal vein to cavernous sinus extra posterior mesencephalic vein persistent tentorial sinus three segments three separate segments - BVR I via uncal vein to cavernous sinus - BVR II via lateral mesencephalic vein to petrosal vein or sinus - BVR III = posterior mesencephalic vein three separate segments - BVR I via uncal vein to cavernous sinus - BVR II via anterior pontomesencephalic vein - BVR III = lateral mesencephalic vein three separate segments - BVR I via uncal vein to cavernous sinus - BVR II via mesencephalic veins - BVR III to internal cerebral vein - BVR I via persistent tentorial sinus to transverse sinus - BVR II and III = posterior mesencephalic veins, with thalamic vein - BVR I via persistent tentorial sinus to sigmoid sinus - BVR II and III = posterior mesencephalic veins - BVR I via anterior pontomesencephalic vein to superior petrosal sinus - BVR II and III replaced by large inferior ventricle vein draining into persistent tentorial sinus and then transverse sinus Huang YP, Wolff BS (1974). In: Newton TH, Potts DG, eds. Radiology of the Skull and Brain, vol 2, book 3. St Louis: Mosby. Chapter 74: the basal cerebral vein and its tributaries. pp 2111-2154. BVR segmentation variations in formation failure of connection BVR I to BVR II; anterior drainage via uncal vein to cavernous sinus superior thalamic vein 15 1/10 to an atrial vein 11 3 7 12 3 4 5 1 2 4 75 % 10 to the ICV 8 ventrolateral thalamus 8 6 1 superior choroidal vein 2 internal cerebral vein 3 septal vein (in ICV at venous angle or more posterior) 4 thalamostriate vein (terminal vein) 5 anterior thalamic vein 9 rse transve r u fiss e 1 7 transverse caudate vein 2 13 14 6 superior striatal vein 8 direct lateral vein (supra- or retrothalamic)(= thalamo-caudate vein) 9 medial atrial vein 10 superior thalamic vein 13 % to the basal vein 11 anterior inferior caudate vein 12 longitudinal caudate vein 13 basal vein cerebellum 14 great cerebral vein 15 medullary veins Dorfer C, Khalaveh F, Mallouhi A, Millesi M, Czech T. The Superior Thalamic Vein and its Variations: A Proposed Classification. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018 Jun 1;14(6):675-680. doi: 10.1093/ons/ opx157. PMID: 28973580. Gogia B, Kumar VA, Chavali LS, Ketonen L, Hunter J, Prabhu SS, Schomer D, Hayman LA. MRI venous architecture of the thalamus. J Neurol Sci. 2016 Nov 15;370:88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.020. Epub 2016 Sep 13. PMID: 27772794.